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The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (, GINA, pronounced Gee-na), is an Act of Congress in the United States designed to prohibit the use of genetic information in health insurance and employment. The Act prohibits group health plans and health insurers from denying coverage to a healthy individual or charging that person higher premiums based solely on a genetic predisposition to developing a disease in the future. The legislation also bars employers from using individuals' genetic information when making hiring, firing, job placement, or promotion decisions.〔(Statement of Administration policy ), Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, April 27, 2007〕 Senator Ted Kennedy called it the "first major new civil rights bill of the new century."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Kennedy in support of genetic information nondiscrimination bill )〕 The Act contains amendments to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974〔See Act sec. 101.〕 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.〔See Act sec. 103.〕 In 2008, on April 24 passed the Senate 95-0. The bill was then sent back to the House of Representatives and passed 414-1 on May 1; the lone dissenter was Congressman Ron Paul. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on May 21, 2008. == Legislative history == In the 104th Congress (1995–1996) several related bills were introduced. * The Genetic Privacy and Nondiscrimination Act of 1996, : Sen. Mark Hatfield and : Rep. Clifford Stearns * The Genetic Fairness Act of 1996, : Sen. Dianne Feinstein * The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination in Health Insurance Act of 1995, : Rep. Louise Slaughter and : Sen. Olympia Snowe * Genetic Confidentiality and Nondiscrimination Act of 1996, : Sen. Pete Domenici In 1997, the (Coalition for Genetic Fairness (CGF) ) was formed by several patient and civil rights groups to spearhead genetic nondiscrimination legislation on Capitol Hill. The CGF became the primary non-governmental driver of Federal genetic non-discrimination legislation. In 2003, GINA was introduced as , by Representative Slaughter, D-NY, and as by Senator Snowe, R-ME. In 2005, it was proposed as by Representative Biggert, R-IL, and as by Senator Snowe, R-ME. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2007 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives as by Representatives Slaughter, Biggert, Eshoo, and Walden. It passed the House by a 420 - 9 - 3 vote on April 25, 2007. The same bill was introduced into the United States Senate as by Senators Olympia Snowe, Ted Kennedy, Mike Enzi, and Christopher Dodd.〔(Gene act ), Wired magazine〕〔(Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2007 ), National Human Genome Research Institute, Update as of May 2, 2007〕〔, (accessed July 28, 2007)〕〔(US to outlaw corporate prejudice based on genes ), 10:00 06 May 2007, New Scientist Print Edition.〕 On 2008-04-24, the Senate approved the bill 95-0, with five Senators not voting (including presidential candidates McCain, Clinton, and Obama). It had been subject of a "hold" placed by Tom Coburn, M.D., Republican U.S. Senator from Oklahoma.〔(buffalonews.com )〕 The bill was then sent back to the House of Representatives and passed 414 - 16 - 1 on May 1, 2008 (the lone dissenter was Congressman Ron Paul). President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on May 21, 2008.〔 The text of the (final approved version of GINA is here ). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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